AFAA Personal Trainer Certification Practice Exam

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What is characterized by a bone density that is 1-2.5 standard deviation units below average?

Osteoporosis
Osteopenia
Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis

The correct answer is: Osteopenia

Osteopenia is characterized by bone density that falls between normal bone density and osteoporosis, specifically ranging from 1 to 2.5 standard deviation units below the average bone density for a healthy individual. This condition indicates a decrease in bone density, which increases the risk of fractures and the potential progression to osteoporosis if measures are not taken to improve bone health. Osteoporosis typically represents a more severe condition where the bone density is 2.5 standard deviations or more below average, indicating a higher risk of fractures. Arthritis refers to inflammation of the joints and is not directly related to bone density, while rheumatoid arthritis is a specific autoimmune form of arthritis that also does not pertain to bone density measures. Therefore, the definition and characteristics of osteopenia make it the correct answer in relation to the given question.